Shahararru da araha na Motocin Jiragen Sama marasa matuki (UAVs) sun amfana da masana'antu da yawa ta hanyar rage farashi da haɓaka amincin ma'aikata. Amma menene game da al'ummar kimiyya? Daruruwan, idan ba dubbai ba, na masana kimiyya masu zaman kansu da jami'o'i a duniya suna amfani da waɗannan UAVs don gudanar da gwaje-gwajen kimiyya masu sarƙaƙiya ta sabbin hanyoyi.
Mun fi mayar da hankali kan aikace-aikacen masana'antu da kasuwanci na UAVs, amma kimiyya mai tsabta kuma tana amfana daga iyawa da wadatar jiragen sama lokacin da kasafin kuɗi ya yi tsayi kuma lokacin kammala gwaje-gwaje yana da mahimmanci.
Misali, masana kimiyya da yawa na Poland sun yi hadin gwiwa kan wani cikakken nazari kan zaizayar gabar teku, ta amfani da sabbin fasahohi da dama kamar LiDAR na iska da kuma wanka.
Pawel Tysiac da Rafal Ossowski na Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering a Jami'ar Fasaha ta Gdansk, tare da haɗin gwiwar Lukasz Janowski na Maritime Academy na Maritime University of Gdynia da Damian Moskalewicz na Sashen Geomorphology da Quaternary Geology a Faculty of Oceanography da Geskography na Jami'ar Gdanci sun kammala karatun digiri na Gdynia. wani yanki na gabar tekun Poland (fiye da ƙari musamman, nisan mil 1 na kudancin tekun Baltic).
Takardar tana da taken "Kimanin lalacewar tsaunin bakin teku ta hanyar amfani da drone da bayanan hoto da kuma LiDAR bathymetric a cikin Google Earth Engine". An buga shi a cikin Rahoton Kimiyya, Janairu 2025 kuma babban misali ne na amfani da sabbin fasahohi don tattara bayanai masu mahimmanci don fahimtar hanyoyin da yanayi ke canza yanayin ƙasa.
Mun sami damar yin magana da Pawel Tysiac, ɗaya daga cikin marubutan binciken, don ƙarin fahimtar tasirin jirage marasa matuƙa da LiDAR akan aikin su.
"Hanyoyin al'ada na lura da zaizayar dutse yawanci suna buƙatar aikin filin aiki mai ƙarfi da ƙididdiga masu rikitarwa na rarraba sararin samaniya ta amfani da dabarun binciken ƙasa na gargajiya," in ji Pawel. "Ya bambanta, ci gaba na baya-bayan nan game da hangen nesa mai nisa da koyan injin suna ba da sabbin hanyoyin tantance lalata dutse tare da inganci da daidaito."
Lalacewar gabar teku ta jawo hankalin gwamnatoci da masana kimiyya a duk duniya yayin da adadin bala'o'i ke karuwa kuma kowane bala'i yana haifar da ƙarin lalacewa ga yawan jama'a da yanayin yanki.
"A cikin wannan takarda, muna amfani da kalmar 'bluff deradation' a fili. Mun ayyana shi a matsayin babban tasiri na sauye-sauye na canje-canje a cikin tsaunin bakin teku masu raɗaɗi da yawa da kuma matakai daban-daban, ciki har da hadaddun lithologic da hydrogeologic yanayi, guguwa hawan igiyar ruwa aiki, ruwan sama, iska hurawa, da kuma dan Adam ayyukan da kai ga ci gaban da manyan-sikelin ƙungiyoyi da kuma su da tasiri, "fasahar, fabrides da kuma tasirin su. Paul yace. "Bisa ga wannan, babban jigo na wannan binciken shine cewa bakan nuni na electromagnetic wave ya bambanta a wuraren da lalacewa ta shafa. A cikin yanayin bluffs na bakin teku, canje-canje a cikin tarin kayan aiki, ciyayi da sauran abubuwa na iya haifar da bambance-bambance masu mahimmanci."
A yau, ji na nesa shine madaidaicin hanyar sa ido akan yanayin bakin teku. Ta hanyar amfani da nau'ikan hotuna da bayanan da aka tattara daga tauraron dan adam, dandali na iska, da na'urori masu auna firikwensin kasa, masu bincike zasu iya samun cikakkun bayanai na zamani game da yankunan bakin teku. Hotunan ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun lokaci suna ba da damar lura da canje-canje a yanayin halittar teku a kan lokaci kuma suna taimakawa gano wuraren da bala'o'i suka fi shafa. A wannan yanayin, mawallafa sun yi amfani da daukar hoto na iska, wanda ke ba da hotuna masu tsayi masu amfani don cikakkun bayanai kafin da bayan kwatance. Duk da haka, akwai matsala na lokuta daban-daban na haske a kan hotuna, wanda ke haifar da abubuwa daban-daban don sarrafa su. Dangane da yanayin daukar hoto, ana buƙatar gudanar da zirga-zirgar jiragen sama a ƙarƙashin yanayi iri ɗaya, amma har yanzu akwai wasu batutuwa tare da bambance-bambancen yanayi dangane da wannan.
"Mun yanke shawarar yin amfani da LiDAR a matsayin madadin magance canjin yanayin hasken," in ji Pawel. "Bayanan LiDAR yana da mahimmanci don auna sauye-sauyen sauye-sauye na bakin teku tare da daidaitattun daidaito, yana taimakawa wajen tace bayanai daga ciyayi ko wuraren da aka keɓe. Mafi mahimmancin samfurin LiDAR shine Digital Elevation Model (DEM), wanda aka yi amfani da shi don ƙirƙirar wakilcin 3D na yanayin bakin teku. Wadannan samfurori suna taimakawa wajen fahimtar rarraba sararin samaniya na yashwa ta hanyar ƙididdige samfurori a kan lokaci. "
Matsalar ta taso ne saboda bangaren lalacewar gabar teku da ke faruwa a karkashin ruwa yana taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen haifar da faruwar wannan lamari, don haka aka yanke shawarar yin amfani da LiDAR a matsayin kayan aikin wanka.
Pawel ya ce, "Sakamakon binciken ya ba mu haske game da yadda tsaunin bakin teku ke mayar da martani ga sauyin yanayi na yanzu da na gaba, musamman hawan teku da karuwar ayyukan guguwa." "Haɓaka binciken binciken geotechnical na al'ada ta hanyar amfani da fasahohin hangen nesa mai nisa da aka ba da shawarar, kamar yin amfani da jirage marasa matuki da binciken sararin sama, yana ba da misali ga sauran yankunan da ke fuskantar ƙalubale iri ɗaya. Abubuwan da aka samu daga wannan binciken na iya sanar da manufofin kula da bakin teku ba kawai a Poland ba, har ma a wasu yankuna masu irin yanayin yanayin ƙasa da muhalli. Tsare-tsaren gudanarwa masu inganci dangane da irin wannan bincike na iya taimakawa wajen rage haɗarin rayuwar ɗan adam da kuma haɗarin abubuwan more rayuwa ta bakin teku. rashin zaman lafiya."
Ta hanyar hada tarin bayanan jiragen sama da na teku daga motoci masu cin gashin kansu, wannan rukunin masana kimiyya ya sami damar inganta ingancin bayanan, daidaitattun abubuwan da aka yanke, da kuma isassun matakan da aka ɗauka don rage lalacewar yanayin ƙasa da mazauna yankunan da abin ya shafa.
Lokacin aikawa: Fabrairu-12-2025